Notes 9/17/10

Henry VI dies
His uncle, John, Duke of Bedford, became king
John defeated the forces of the Franco-Scot alliance at the battle of Verneuil
1428- English troops sieged Orleans, trying to starve them out
1429- Joan of Arc came along
The voices in her head tell her to lead French troops against the English
Joan of Arc was eventually captured by the English
The French take the valley back
1444- a truce in the city of Tours
Henry VI (English) and Princess Margaret (French) would get married
1449- Charles VII (English) broke the truce
He also won in Gascony
July 17th 1453- the English army was beaten and all of France now belongs to France
Nationalism grew immensely because of the 100 Year's War

Notes 9/16

• Hundred Years War
• England and France
• 1337-1453
• King Philip VI confiscated Edward III's land in France
• Edward III questioned Philip VI's right to be king
• Leading up to the Hundred Years War...
• Different people were making claims on land
• King John in 1204 signed away English rights to land in Normandy and France
• Henry III signed the Treaty of Paris in 1259 saying that there was no British right to Normandy
• The English still maintained that they had rights to: Gascony
• Gascony was fought over by English dukes and the French
• At the same time, they were fighting the Scots, so they couldn't concentrate their efforts on Gascony
• France was the ally of the Scots
• Edward has himself named the king of France
• Edward sees that many of the French princes are dissatisfied with French politics, so he lures them into his court
• Among these were the Flemings and the Montforts
• There were raids between England and France
• The English were moving down into France
• French morale was low
• Edward III struck a major victory at Crecy, and had a successful siege at Calais
• Edward III's song, the Black Prince, won at Bourdeoux
• Edward III captures the heir to the French throne
• He moves to the city of Rheims, who holds off the English
• The Treaty of Bretigny-
• France should pay the British so that Edward would drop his claim to the French thrown
• 1369- The Treaty breaks down
• Charles V was the new king of France
• Right hand man- Bertrand  du Guesclin
• They kick the British out of the remaining areas where they are stationed
• Charles dies after a short time
• Richard II is the new British king
• Almost gained permanent peace with the French 
• Loses the kingship
• 1413- Henry V
• Takes the British back to France
• Wants to finalize British control in France
• Meets the French in Agincourt on October 25th, 1415
• The French outnumbered Henry and his men
• The British defeat them (one of the greatest victory in British history)
• That battle does not end the war, but is a turning point
• Several cities fell to the English after that battle
• 
  

Notes 9/14/10

• The Plague
• From China and India to Turkey
• Infected bodies were used to keep enemies away; biological warfare
• 1315= Famine
• About 6 days from the rat to the symptoms on the person
• If the infection spread to the lungs, they died in less than a week
• The youngest, oldest, and poorest were the most susceptible, but every class followed
• 1348- London  had a population of 100,000
• In the first wave of plague, 300 died every day
• Bodies were pitchforked in to mass graves, instead of laid carefully facing east
• 14,000 perished in Dublin
• 1300 died in Farnam
• Workers could charge more for their services
• There were no more serfs, they could choose their conditions for labor
• It damaged the Church as well
• Transi Grave= the top layer was a statue of you as you were in life, the bottom was your skeleton
• Edward the 3rd and his son both died
• Edward's grandson became king, but his uncle made all the decisions
• 
  

Notes 9/13/10

• Made the king follow the same laws as everyone else
• 
  

What do the following primary sources tell us about English views of the Scots and the Scots' views of themselves?

The English and Scots had differing views on many things, chiefly their view on the Scottish people.  The English considered the Scots barbaric and cruel, while the Scots considered their heroes to be brave and noble.  The English think that the Scots are tyrannical, while the Scots pride themselves on withstanding barbarians wherever they go.

The English call William Wallace, a Scottish hero, "an outcast from pity, a robber, a sacrilegious man, an incendiary and a homicide, a man more cruel than the cruelty of Herod, and more insane than the fury of Nero."  They not only dislike Wallace, but don't respect him.  They consider Wallace below them, and make him sound more animal than human.

The English also insult Robert the Bruce, a man seen as a great king by the Scottish.  They make him seem dishonorable by writing, "...Bruce, drawing his sword, strikes the unarmed Comyn on the head."  By taking away his honor, they are proving themselves superior to the Scots.

The Scots, while they do not mention William Wallace or Robert the Bruce directly, see their people as enduring and strong leaders.  They say that their people "...dwelt for a long course of time in Spain among the most savage tribes, but nowhere could they be subdued by any race, however barbarous."  The Scots consider themselves brave and able to protect their people.


http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1307bruce.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1307bruce.html

Notes 9/9/10

• William Wallace-
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/independence/features_independence_wallace.shtml
• 1296 Scotland is conquered by Edward I (Hammer of the Scots)
• 1297- Wallace killed and English nobleman
• Most famous Scotsman of all time
• They had a base of operations that they fought out of
• Battle of Stirling Bridge
• Killed over 5000 British
• Scotsman- not wearing armor
• Slaid his enemy, skinned him, and made his skin into a belt for his sword o.O
• Never paid homage to Edward
• Wallace was captured later, and was disemboweled while still alive
• Robert the Bruce-
• Politically intelligent
• Attacked both Scots and English
• Outlived the king, but did not defeat him
• Edward I had his bones carried with army
• Robert was struck down before the battle started
• The Scots won and gained liberty
• The sent a letter to the Pope saying that Scotland should be recognized as independent by the Church
• The Scots raided and terrorized English villages

Notes 9/8/10

• Saxons were the earliest Englishmen (Beowulf)
• English and the Vikings battle for 300 years
• 1066- William the Conquerer
• House of Plantagenet comes in
• Was est. in the 10th century
• Ruled England 1154-1485

• Henry II
• English foreign relations were based on his whims
• Welsh and Scotts fought for their independence
• Richard the Lionhearted 
• Mostly away fighting the Crusades
• Seen as "good" 
• Was killed by Saladin
• John
• Signed the Magna Carta
• Edward I 
• Hammer of the Scots because he destroyed them
• 2 Great Scottish Heroes
• William Wallace
• Robert the Bruce 
• Crusades
• Fought over Jerusalem and Constantinople
• After Richard died, England looked inward
• Rise of nationalism

3 Questions

What does the reign of Henry II suggest about the future of English foreign relations?
It suggests that monarchs will only marry for political power, and that Henry II did not think about diplomacy.  He thought that he deserved all the land that he could possibly get.  He passed down his selfish and irrational thinking, making English monarchs want to own everything within their site.  He would only help people when he would get something in return, which is no way to make allies.


Does the common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' hold up to reality?
Although Richard the Lionhearted was brave, he was not a 'good' king to his people.  He was never in his kingdom, so he never had to give them bad news or rule with unpopular laws.  Instead of taking responsibility for his kingdom, he left the unpleasantness to John, making him look like the bad guy.  John was not brave or personable, and was extremely attentive to detail, so he was in every part of every decision that made his people angry.  By being the one left behind, John was going to have to take the blame no matter what he did.  However, he was not without fault, as he was unable to trust and was greedy.


How did the Magna Carta change the relationship of the Monarch and his subjects?
Monarchs could no longer make decisions while ignoring the barons.  The barons were considered the voice of the people, so by having to listen to the barons the king had to answer to his subjects.  This made surre that the king would not ignore the greater good of his kingdom.  The Magna Carta was another step to equality.


  

Notes 9/7/10

• 1066- William the Conquerer defeats Harold in the Battle of Hastings
• Domesday Book kept records of everything that was in England at that time
• The "old heroes" (ex. Richard the Lionhearted) were from the Plantagenet House
• Futilism- country is split into baronies 
• New trade routes were developed through the Crusades
• Spanish Peninsula was under Islamic control
• English and French could fight in Spain instead of travelling to the Holy Land
• Constantinople and Alexandria are captured
• The knowledge of ancient times is now in Islamic hands (ex. writings of Aristotle)
• The Aristocracy spoke French until 1350
• English is a bastardized language
• Germanic in small verbs (ex. be, get, can)
• Our vocabulary is based in Old French and Latin
• Balliol, Bruce, Wallace (dominant Scottish families)
• Richard the 1st was defeated in the Crusades, and the Muslims recaptured Jerusalem
• Richard doesn't come back, and John stays king
• Treaty of Paris- Henry is forced to give up any English right to Nordic land
• He uses diplomacy (ex. Marries French)
• Intermarriage becomes normal among monarchs
• Marriage is a political tool
• During the reign of Henry the 3rd, "English-ness" occurs
• Edward I becomes king and helps the government take stride
• "Rebellions in Wales are testament to some Welshman's continuing struggle for independence."

Herodotus

1.      When the movie Men Don’t Leave was nearing the end of its filming, a wrap party was arranged at the Cloisters in Baltimore.  Bob Schick, being son of William Schick, had worked on the movie, and was enjoying the idea of going to a party in Baltimore, far away from his home in Chicago.  This was also a place that Jeannie Littmann, being the daughter of Paul Littmann, was going, as a first date with a man she had met earlier that week.  She says that she had wanted to attend such a “Hollywood” party, so she went with him.  Bob had a girlfriend at the time of Greek descent; one whom he claimed was “hot.” 

2.      When Jeannie arrived at the party, she was deserted by the man who had brought her so that he could, as she said, "take full advantage of the free bar."  While he was almost passed out drunk at the bar, she was forced to make her way around the party, knowing no one else there.  As she wandered around, Bob asked her to dance.  He didn’t know who she was, and was intrigued by the “saucy” red dress she was wearing.  Jeannie accepted the invitation to dance, and says that she thought he was “cute, very funny, and very nice.”  They parted that night without having exchanged any way of communication, and the only thing that Jeannie knew was where he was staying, the Tremont. 

3.      After a couple days, Jeannie saw an article stating that a man had been killed on the set of Men Don’t Leave.  She called the Tremont, and asked Bob, “Are you dead?”  After assuring her that he was safe, Bob asked Jeannie out to dinner.  Jeannie suggested they go to a sports bar, although she didn’t like them, in order to make Bob feel more at ease.  They enjoyed their meal, and exchanged numbers.  After a couple days, Bob went home to Chicago, and broke up with his girlfriend.

   

Thucydides

CHAPTER ONE

The Beginning of the Relationship Between Bob Schick and Jeannie Litmann.

Martha, an American, tells the story of Bob and Jeannie Schick, beginning when they met, and knowing from the beginning of the relation of this story to her that it would be a cornerstone of her family.  This belief is proven to be true as she realized that she would not be alive without this event.  However, this meeting was not without its peculiarities.

For instance, it is now common knowledge that Bob Schick had a girlfriend of Greek descent whom he had been dating for a couple months.  She worked as a stuntwoman, and she did not attend the party.

The other circumstance was Jeannie going on a date the first time that her and Bob met.  They were at a wrap party for the movie Men Don’t Leave in the late summer of 1988.  This was held at the Cloisters in Baltimore.  A man named Tom Holloway asked Jeannie to go with him, and she accepted.  While he was there, he got very drunk, and Jeannie was forced to make her way around the party without knowing anyone.  Bob was alone at the party, and asked the woman he saw before him to dance.  She accepted and they danced, although for two different reasons.  Jeannie had thought of his personality, while Bob had only thought of his curiosity and who she was.  The parted that night, neither with a phone number to get back in tough with the other.   

Later in the week, Jeannie received word from the newspaper that an unnamed man had been killed on the set of Men Don’t Leave, and she called the Tremont, where Bob was staying.  Once she realized that he was not harmed, she was put at ease, and Bob asked her to go to dinner with him.  She accepted, and went to a sports bar nearby.  After that, they exchanged numbers, and Bob broke up with his girlfriend back in Chicago.