Many results from the Industrial Revolution
Anti-Semitism Grows
Many in the Bourgeois feel threatened by Marxism
Many of the liberal middle-class become more conservative as a movement against socialism
3rd French Republic
Bismark insisted that a new French government would be put in place in order to end the Franco-Prussian War
New Natl. Assembly were people who were willing to give into demands from Prussia
The Paris Commune were returning to the ideas of the French Revolution
Natl. Assembly took on the Paris Commune
Battled in Paris
Natl. Assembly won, and the Commune was broken up
Natl. Assembly favored a new monarchy in France
The was disagreement over who would be the monarch
The Republicans won, and they decided to elect a president and put in place a bicameral government
The president could be overruled by the electors
In one house was Chamber of Deputies and a Senate
President Marshall MacMahon tried to out one of the senators that he didn't like that had the support of the Chamber of Deputies
He tried to get him voted out twice, but failed both times
This increased the power of the legislature and Prime Minister, but decreased the power of the president
RIGHT WING
Monarchists
Leaders
LEFT WING
Liberals
Socilaists
THREATS
de Lesseps Scandal- They had headed the construction of the Suez Canal. They wanted to build another, the Panama Canal. It caused huge problems. The company itself went bankrupt on a huge government loan. Many of the bankers involved in the loan were Jewish, which sparked a lot of Anti-Semitism. They didn't actually do anything wrong.
General Boulanger Affair- He was very popular among the people. The monarchists wanted to get him elected, pay him off, and overthrow the republic in favor of a monarchy. Boulanger was elected, but the plan was found out, and accused of treason. He fled, and committed suicide.
Dreyfus Affair- He was a Jewish military officer. He was accused of selling military secrets to Germany. He was found guilty and imprisoned. The guilty verdict was reached by a secret council, and no one was allowed to see the evidence. Chief of Intelligence Piquart found out that it wasn't Dreyfus. He turned over his findings to the government, but they didn't want the scandal, so they didn't let him go. Zola, a novelist, wrote an expose of the whole deal. The right wingers call for all the Jews in France to lose their citizenship. The Catholic Church supported them. When they asked for a retrial, the government forged documents. Dreyfus is again pronounced guilty. The president pardons it. (total cop-out). ULTIMATE RESULT: The Catholic Church was blatantly Anti-Semitic, and screwed themselves by being so obvious. Pushes French Politics to the left. Separation of church and state.
GERMANY
Bismark was the chancellor
Middle class was compliant and loyal
The Pope publishes the Syllabus of Errors: it pretty much said that anything new was immoral
Bismark thought that this was anti-Nationalistic; against the idea of German nationhood
The Church issued the Papal Infallibility
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