2nd Outline

Thesis: Elizabeth I's brutal childhood, riddled with being raped by Thomas Seymour and living under constant threat from her sister, was the cause of her becoming an unmarried politique who gave up her own desires for a peaceful, yet uneventful, reign.

Definitions:

Politique- one willing to compromise for the greater good

List of other politiques and why

Types of Sources:

Primary:

1559: Response to a Parliamentary Delegation on Her Marriage; 1559: On Religion; 1560: Response to Erik of Sweden's Proposal; 1566: Response to Parliamentary Delegation on Her Marriage; 1583: On Religion; Response to Ambassador of Poland; 1601: The Farewell Speech; 1586: letter from Elizabeth I to Mary, queen of Scots; 1587: letter from Elizabeth I to James VI of Scotland; and other assorted speeches, poetry, and letters

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Speeches

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Letters

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Poetry

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/scot-letters.html

Secondary: ES Beesly, Queen Elizabeth (1892); Kaplan; other books TBA, BBC

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/secondary.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/elizabeth_i_01.shtml

Outline:                                                                                        

1.     Queen Elizabeth I was one of England's most influential rulers; so influential that the Elizabethan age is named after her.  She was the last in the line of Tudors, and ruled from 1559 to 1603.  She remains one of the best examples of a politque, one who will compromise their personal gain for the good of their people, that the world has ever seen.  Elizabeth I's brutal childhood, riddled with being raped by Thomas Seymour and living under constant threat from her sister, was the cause of her becoming an unmarried politique who gave up her own desires for a peaceful, yet uneventful, reign.

2.             Background on family

a.     Father-- Henry VIII

b.    Mother-- Anne Boleyn

c.     Parents were married while Anne was 6 months pregnant

d.    All of Henry's children were declared illegitimate besides those produced by Anne

                                              i.Mary was forced to serve Elizabeth as a maidservant

e.     Anne Boleyn was executed because she could not produce a male heir

                                              i.Elizabeth was bastardized

3.             Early childhood (before father's death)

a.       Mother died when she was 2 years and 8 months old

b.      Was shown naked to French diplomats as a future wife at the age of 6

c.       1537- Edward was born

d.      Lived with her brother Edward at Hatfield House

e.       Studied under a governess and became very well educated

4.             Childhood (after father's death)

a.     1547- Henry VIII died, and in his will, the line of succession named Elizabeth the heir after Edward and Mary

b.    Moved in with Katherine Parr, Henry's widow

c.     Katherine married Thomas Seymour, who moved in with her and Elizabeth

d.    Thomas started to take an interest in Elizabeth, who was a young teenager at the time

e.     He would go into her room while she was asleep and not wearing anything and rape her

f.     Occasionally, Katherine Parr would take part as well

g.    Katherine eventually kicked Elizabeth out of the house, and Elizabeth went back to Hatfield

h.     When Katherine Parr died, Thomas Seymour wanted to marry Elizabeth

i.      1549- Seymour was found guilty of trying to marry her in order to overthrow his brother, and was executed

5.             During Mary's Reign

a.     1553- Edward died, and Lady Jane Grey was declared queen.  However, she was only queen for nine days.

b.    Mary and Elizabeth travelled to London for Mary to claim her crown.

c.     Mary wanted to wipe out all non-Catholics, and ordered everyone to go to mass

d.    Elizabeth did, even though she was raised and educated as a Protestant

e.     Mary planned to marry Prince Philip of Spain, which made her unpopular

f.     Rebels against Mary plotted against her in Elizabeth's name, even though she had nothing to do with it

                                              i.Wyatt's rebellion

g.    Elizabeth was put in the Tower, but because she had no connection to the rebels, she was allowed to go back to Hatfield

h.     Mary had 2 miscarriages, and her husband went back to Spain

i.      1558- Mary was on her deathbed, and accepted Elizabeth as her heir.  She died in November.

6.             Elizabeth's reign

a.     1558- Named queen

b.    Her first reform was religion

                                              i.She returned England to being a Protestant country, but didn’t completely erase all traces of Catholicism

7.             Marriage, or Lack Thereof

a.     Elizabeth refused to marry

b.    1556- Parliament threatened to cut off her funds

                                              i.She addressed them and told them that her priority was England

c.     1559- Elizabeth made it clear that she had feelings for her childhood friend, Robert Dudley by saying that if his wife were to die (she was sick), that she would like to marry him

                                              i.Amy Dudley died by falling down the stairs, which the coroner said was an accident

1.             Scandal surrounded her death, and Robert Dudley was suspected to have killed her so that he could marry Elizabeth

d.    Although Elizabeth wanted to marry Dudley, she didn’t because the scandal would have been bad for England

e.     "With Elizabeth the heart never really spoke, and if the senses did, she had them under perfect control. And this was why she never loved or was loved, and never has been or will be regarded with enthusiasm by either man or woman" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html)

f.     Her image became that of Virgin Queen, although she wasn't

8.             Defensive Foreign Relations

a.     1585- She sent an army to aid to fight with the Protestant Dutch rebels against Philip II

b.    1588- She defended England against the Spanish Armada

c.     1589- Henry IV (who was Protestant) inherited the French throne, Elizabeth sent her military support

Conclusion

Elizabeth always put the kingdom of England before herself, and she has her early life to thank for that.

Industrial Revolution Free Response

Explain how the Industrial Revolution influenced the rise of conservative and liberal philosophies and explain how those philosophies competed with or related to nationalism in Greece and Germany.


Thesis: The creation of unions in reaction to the horrific treatment of workers and the lack of restrictions on businesses helped boost nationalism across Europe.


I. Introduction
II. Working Conditions
III. Regulations
IV. Nationalism and the working class
V. Conclusion


The Industrial Revolution was a time of prosperity for Europe, but it was also a time of abuse.  While products were being turned out rapidly and businesses were profiting, people working in the factories were not as lucky.  They were forced to work long hours for barely any compensation.  If they complained, they could be easily fired and replaced.  There was no competition in the market, because factory owners would simply make workers work longer hours to keep prices down.  However, unions changed all that.  The creation of unions in reaction to the horrific treatment of workers and the lack of restrictions on businesses helped boost nationalism across Europe.


The Industrial Revolution was the time when unions first came into play, and with good reason.  The workers were put in dangerous situations on a daily basis, and were forced to work inhuman hours.  Without unions to petition for worker's rights, there was no reason for the owners of factories to change the way that they ran their business.  Because there were laws in many countries saying that only land-owners could vote, the factory workers had no control over matters in their country.  With the creation of unions, the common factory worker had a voice, and therefore had a sense of duty and nationalism to their country. 


By regulating the hours that people could work and the conditions that they could work in, unions also created a more stable economy.  Before unions, there was not competition between business.  To provide a cheaper product, factories would simply pay people the same amount of money to work longer hours.  When unions started regulating hours and salaries, businesses had to compete with each other.  Instead of lowering costs, they had to rely on how good their product was.  This allowed the economy to thrive, because there was choice between products.  With a good economy comes happier people, and with happy people comes loyalty to their country.


Nationalism is feeling a strong connection with one's country.  With nationalism comes loyalty, and loyalty is one of the basic needs for a country to thrive.  Without the loyalty of the working class, a country will crumble.  The working class are the people  who keep the economy, and therefore the country running.  Before unions, people of the working class had no sense of nationalism, simply because they owed their nation nothing.  After unions gave them rights, they felt that their country had respected them, and they felt a sense of pride and loyalty toward it.


The creation of unions across Europe during the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in how people felt about their country.  Being treated fairly and having a voice made all the difference to the working class.  Nationalism was achieved through proper treatment of workers, and therefore, and thriving economy based on that good treatment.  The creation of unions in reaction to the horrific treatment of workers and the lack of restrictions on businesses helped boost nationalism across Europe.

Elizabeth I Outline

Thesis: Elizabeth I's brutal childhood, riddled with being raped by Thomas Seymour and living under constant threat from her sister, was the cause of her becoming an unmarried politique who gave up her own desires for a peaceful, yet uneventful, reign.

Definitions:

Politique- One who gives up personal gain for their politics

Parliament-

Other words to later be defined: TBA

Types of Sources:

Primary:

1559: Response to a Parliamentary Delegation on Her Marriage; 1559: On Religion; 1560: Response to Erik of Sweden's Proposal; 1566: Response to Parliamentary Delegation on Her Marriage; 1583: On Religion; Response to Ambassador of Poland; 1601: The Farewell Speech; 1586: letter from Elizabeth I to Mary, queen of Scots; 1587: letter from Elizabeth I to James VI of Scotland; and other assorted speeches, poetry, and letters

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Speeches

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Letters

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html#Poetry

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/scot-letters.html

Secondary: ES Beesly, Queen Elizabeth (1892)

http://englishhistory.net/tudor/secondary.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/elizabeth_i_01.shtml

Useful Quotes:

"With Elizabeth the heart never really spoke, and if the senses did, she had them under perfect control. And this was why she never loved or was loved, and never has been or will be regarded with enthusiasm by either man or woman" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html)

Outline:

1. Introduction and overview of Elizabeth's life

2. Background on family

1. Father-- Henry VIII

2. Mother-- Anne Boleyn

3. Parents were married while Anne was 6 months pregnant

4. All of Henry's children were declared illegitimate besides those produced by Anne

1. Mary was forced to serve Elizabeth as a maidservant

5. Anne Boleyn was executed because she could not produce a male heir

1. Elizabeth was bastardized

3. Early childhood (before father's death)

1. Mother died when she was 2 years and 8 months old

2. Was shown naked to French diplomats as a future wife at the age of 6

3. 1537- Edward was born

4. Lived with her brother Edward at Hatfield House

5. Studied under a governess and became very well educated

4. Childhood (after father's death)

1. 1547- Henry VIII died, and in his will, the line of succession named Elizabeth the heir after Edward and Mary

2. Moved in with Katherine Parr, Henry's widow

3. Katherine married Thomas Seymour, who moved in with her and Elizabeth

4. Thomas started to take an interest in Elizabeth, who was a young teenager at the time

5. He would go into her room while she was asleep and not wearing anything and rape her

6. Occasionally, Katherine Parr would take part as well

7. Katherine eventually kicked Elizabeth out of the house, and Elizabeth went back to Hatfield

8. When Katherine Parr died, Thomas Seymour wanted to marry Elizabeth

9. 1549- Seymour was found guilty of trying to marry her in order to overthrow his brother, and was executed

5. During Mary's Reign

1. 1553- Edward died, and Lady Jane Grey was declared queen.  However, she was only queen for nine days.

2. Mary and Elizabeth travelled to London for Mary to claim her crown.

3. Mary wanted to wipe out all non-Catholics, and ordered everyone to go to mass

4. Elizabeth did, even though she was raised and educated as a Protestant

5. Mary planned to marry Prince Philip of Spain, which made her unpopular

6. Rebels against Mary plotted against her in Elizabeth's name, even though she had nothing to do with it

1. Wyatt's rebellion

7. Elizabeth was put in the Tower, but because she had no connection to the rebels, she was allowed to go back to Hatfield

8. Mary had 2 miscarriages, and her husband went back to Spain

9. 1558- Mary was on her deathbed, and accepted Elizabeth as her heir.  She died in November.

6. Elizabeth's reign

1. 1558- Named queen

2. Her first reform was religion

1. She returned England to being a Protestant country, but didn’t completely erase all traces of Catholicism

7. Marriage, or Lack Thereof

1. Elizabeth refused to marry

2. 1556- Parliament threatened to cut off her funds

1. She addressed them and told them that her priority was England

3. 1559- Elizabeth made it clear that she had feelings for her childhood friend, Robert Dudley by saying that if his wife were to die (she was sick), that she would like to marry him

1. Amy Dudley died by falling down the stairs, which the coroner said was an accident

1. Scandal surrounded her death, and Robert Dudley was suspected to have killed her so that he could marry Elizabeth

4. Although Elizabeth wanted to marry Dudley, she didn’t because the scandal would have been bad for England

5. Her image became that of a Virgin Queen, even though she wasn’t

8. Defensive Foreign Relations

1. 1585- She sent an army to aid to fight with the Protestant Dutch rebels against Philip II

2. 1588- She defended England against the Spanish Armada

3. 1589- Henry IV (who was Protestant) inherited the French throne, Elizabeth sent her military support

9. Conclusion

1. Elizabeth always put the kingdom of England before herself, and she has her early life to thank for that.

Candide Outline

I. Thesis: While optimism is not a bad thing, blind optimism in the face of adversity can be crippling.  Voltaire proves this, and therefore disproves Leibniz's theory using Pangloss's optimism, Martin's pessimism, and Candide's misfortune.

II. Voltaire uses Pangloss to create a satirical profile of Leibniz, while he expressed his own opinions through Martin.

a. Voltaire makes Pangloss look out of touch, while Martin contradicts him in a logical way.  That makes Voltaire's opinion look more valid.

b. Martin thinks that bad things happen, and that they do not necessarily contribute to the greater good.

c. Pangloss thinks that everything that happens is the best possible outcome, so not only does everything happen for a reason, but everything that happens is overwhelmingly good.

III. While Pangloss's philosophy keeps him and his followers happy, it offers no solution for any problems.

a. Even when the Anabaptist could have been saved, Pangloss wouldn't let Candide save him.

b. His explanation of free will contradicts itself, and he never fully explains his philosophy.

c. Even his follower, Candide, doubts his philosophy.

IV. The exaggerated bad luck that befalls Candide and others along his journey proves how ridiculous Pangloss's optimism is compared to Martin's pessimism/realism.

a. Candide gets kicked out of a castle for kissing a girl.  He wasn’t doing anything wrong.  In opposition to Pangloss's theory, a better outcome would have been them not getting caught kissing or Candid not being kicked out.

b. The maidservent who was imprisoned when she was young could have continued living her life peacefully, instead of being raped and having her buttock cut off.

c. Although Pangloss himself would not agree, he could have continued living comfortably instead of going trhough torture, almost being hung, and all of the other horrors that befell him.  He did not have to go through all of that for he good of man.

V. In Voltaire's work, Candide, Pangloss's optimism only offers false hope, while Martin's pessimism provides honesty and realism for Candide's dismal situation.  

French Revolution

• Acts of De-Christianzation across Europe by the French
• National Conference split between Geronimo and Jacobin
• Jacobin said that anyone against them was anti-revolutionary
• Another party starts to develop called the Mountain
• They listen to the ordinary people
• The working class demands control on money
• The Mountain elected Robes Pierre as their leader
• Maximilian Robes Pierre
• Became a lawyer
• Did not believe in capital punishment
• France
• 18th Cebtury, divided into 3 estates
• 1st Estate-Clergy (was close with the church, didn't have to pay for land)
• Hostility between the parish priests and the priests in the nobility
• 2nd Estate- Nobility
• 2% of the population
• Owned 25% of the land
• National Convention appoints the Committee of Public Safety
• Made up of 12 individuals that would run the government
• Robes Pierre was one of the 12
• It was originally formed to protect the people, but they turned into oppressors
• Made it illegal for women to gather
• In July 1794 rebels and conservatives turned against Robes Pierre, he was executed, and the Committee was the disbanded 
• Thermodorians wrote a 3rd French Constitution which went into effect in 1795
• Allowed males to vote for electors that would choose the leaders
• Napoleon Bonaparte 
• He drives out the Hapsburgs
• Sets up a new government 
• 1797- France has an election
• The majority leaders wanted to bring back the exiled Louis
• Napoleon wants to send a force against the royalists in the French government 
• They abandon the election 

• Gottfried Leibniz-
• German mathematician and philosopher
• Known for his treaty on optimism
• Optimism=to it's greatest extent
• Wrote Theodicee, and attempt to justify the imperfections in the world
• If God is all powerful and all knowing, why do bad things happen to good people?
• Anything that happens in the world is the best that it can be
• Results in Voltaire writing Candide (Satire)
• Diderot
• In the Enlightenment
• Enlightenment philosophers thought that fighting over religion was ridiculous
• They wanted to use reason as the way to control life
• The Founding Fathers were the same way
• Wrote an encyclopedia
• Montescue
• Personal essays
• Jonathon Swift
• Pretended to want to eat babies for satire
• Adam Smith
• Father of capitalism
• Capitalism- anyone in society could gain wealth
• Immanuel Kant
• Categorical Imperative
• If you make a rule, it applies to all situations
• Included royalty
• Forced legislatures to be more thoughtful when making laws
• Jeremy Bentham
• Disagreed with Kant
• The Utilitarian Choice- you have to do what is best for the most people