Review

• Machiavelli wanted the state to be secular
• Merchants and rising middle class resented the bishops' power
• Peasantry in England, France, and Germany began to revolt openly against the Church Authority
• 1483-1536 Martin Luther
• Was a monk
• Led the attack on indulgences from within the Church
• 1517- Luther Posted the 95 Thesis
• The German people were very open to Luther
• Calvin believed that moral justice must take precedence  
• SELF CONTROL was his central belief
• Believed that most people were damned
• The Council of Trent was passed
• There was a rise in folk religion and witchcraft
• The power if the monarchs increases
• The major war was the 30 Years War
• The Peace of Augsburg 
• Allowed the principalities to choose their religion
• There were alliances formed between Protestants and between Catholics, which defeated the purpose
• The Thirty Years War started in Bohemia when Ferdinand   (a Catholic) became king
• Afraid he was going to make Bohemia Catholic again
• Ferdinand used Jesuits to reclaim his territory
• The King of Denmark joined the Protestants
• Only joined to gain land
• Gustavus Adolphus, King of Swede, joined the war for his country
• Won the battle, but died during it
• Cardinal Ricelout accepted any allies, regardless of religion
• Went to war with Spain with Protestant allies
• After they won, the Treaty of Westphalia was introduced
• Protestantism was illegal in France, but they grew in numbers and attracted nobility
• Appealed for better treatment
• There was a marriage arrangement between Protestant and Catholic nobility, but the Medici's encouraged riots at the wedding, which ended in the St. Bartholomew's day massacre
• The Scots rebelled against Mary, Queen of Scots
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