Notes 11/12/10

• Hapsburg- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapsburg
• Wanted to stop the Protestants gains in the Holy Roman Empire
• France wanted Germany to do well, so they didn't care if Protestants or Catholics were in power
• France supported the Protestants because they were ahead, even though they were Catholic
• Protestant Union and the Catholic League started fighting the 30 Year's War
• 1618-1625 -- Bohemian Phase began as a civil war in Bohemia
• Catholics lead by King Ferdinand, Protestants by Fredrick 
• Catholics win
• 1625- 1629 -- King Christian of Denmark (Lutheran) intervened and supported Protestants vs Albert Wallenstein (Catholic)
• Wallenstein wins- destroys Protestant forces
• Ferdinand decree restores any land lost by the Catholics 
• 1630-1635 -- Swedish Phase
• Protestants, Dutch allies, and French allies turn to King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus)
• Beats the Catholics and doesn't allow them to unify
• 1635- 1648 -- French Phase
• Gustavus dies
• France sees that the Protestants need reinforcements (Not all Swedes are allies now)
• Dutch, French, and some Swedes are fighting against Catholic Germany
• Diplomats met in 1648 in Westphalia 
• Each independent German principality was given the right to make its own treaties and diplomacy rules
• Calvinism was accepted
• Independence of the Dutch Republic and the neutrality of Switzerland were formally recognized (still in place, written into Constitution of Switzerland)
• No one actually won the Thirty Year's War
• The French annexed Alsace http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace
• Germany was devastated 
• Most of th fighting to place
• As many as 1/3 of the German people died
• The Treaty of Westphalia did nothing to unify Germany
• It remained many separate principalities
• Never became a nation
• France came in at the end and took advantage of the Germans being weak