Charles II

Charles II

• Came to the throne because England needed a successor to Cromwell
• January 1661- partisans of Charles II dug bodies up (including Cromwell's) and hung them
• They also drew and quartered people against the king
• Charles II had always been fascinated by politics and the physical world
• He was on the way to being the first reasonable Stuart king
• One out of every 6 Londoners died during the Plague
• Great Fire of London

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell=Lord Protector

• Cromwell knew that he had to take down the king with no experience
• He became the driving force of the Godly revolution
• Doing away with the monarch was not the same thing as doing away with the monarchy
• Cromwell didn't want the Stuart dynasty
• Cromwell told the people to govern themselves, but didn't mean it literally
• A petitioning campaign, led by women, to release the prisoners that had been imprisoned for rebelling against Cromwell
• Cromwell did not expect the resistance
• Cromwell found and killed resistors, and went to get his degree in law
• He sent his troops to vent their frustrations by killing people in Ireland, who he said were the Antichrist
• Battle of Worcester
• Cromwell knew that the country was exhausted from over 15 years of war
• April 20, 1653- Cromwell came down to Westminster with a troop of Musketeers
• Began to berate the members of parliament  for their indifference to justice
• Parliament was shut down by the Musketeers
• Cromwell could have seized power, but he instead handpicked men for their piety
• He chose to become Lord Protector, and was king in all but name
• Locked up sinners and cancelled Christmas
• Jews were able to live and worship openly in part of the city
• Cromwell didn't think that he was worthy, and believed that he served God, which is what kept him from being a dictator
• September 3, 1658- Cromwell died

92%

As, I said, total pwnge!

The Death of Any Educational Future I Have: Part 2

48.
49. Columbus
50. The Columbian Exchange
51. Potatoes
52. Mercantilism
53. Joint Stock Company
54. Protestantism
55. False
56.
57.
58. No
59.
60. Nobles
61. Commons
62. Calvinists
63. Stuarts
64. Presbyterian
65. 1605-1629
66.  Divine Right of Kings
67. Catholicism
68. Petition of Rights
69. Thomas Moore
70. Ireland
71. Royalists
72. Roundheads
73. Oliver Cromwell
74. Abolishmentism
75. Protector of England
76. 
77.
78. Classical
79. Hobbs

The Most Epic Pwnge of a Test Ever Seen (Not Really)

1. Martin Luther
2. 95 Thesis
3. Hapsburg
4. The Dome (Brunelleschi's Dome)
5. Freebie-- Halloween
6. Faith alone
7. Bible
8. Catholic Church [Pope, Cardinals, Bishops, etc...]
9. Nobles
10. False
11. German Peasantry
12. Catholicism
13. Calvinism
14. Peace of Aughsburg
15. He left the Church as a monk to create a "better" version of the Catholic Church.
16. He didn't want leader's to necessarily have all the power; he believed in equality
17. John Calvin
18. London, England
19. Freebie-- Mr Wojo
20. Huguenots 
21. Henry VIII
22. Mary Tudor
23. Anabaptists 
24. Pope Julius II
25. Council of Trent
26. False
27. The Prayerbook
28. Loyola
29. To convert others
30. 16th
31. Sanzio
32. Ferdinand II
33. Spanish Armada
34. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
35. The Edict of Naples
36. 300
37. Peace of Aughsburg
38. The Protestant Union
39. The Catholic League
40. Catholic
41. Protestant
42. James I of England and Charles VI
43. Adolphus
44. Treaty of Westphalia
45. Alsace
46. Germany
47. France

• James I 
• Believed in the DRoK and got into arguments with Parliament 
• James preferred the heirarchy of bishops ecause othewise there was no king
• When he dies (1625) Charles I becomes king
• Also believes in the DRoK
• Against Puritans
• 1628- signs the Petition of Rite in return for grants of money
• No taxes or fees will take pkace without express permission from Parliament
• To be put in jail, you had to ave a fair trial
• Archbishop of Canterbury wanted to make a Catholic Church that didn't follow the Pope
• At direct odds with the Puritans
• Tried to impose the English Common-book of Prayer on the Scottish
• There was a riot
• The Scots put together an army and occupied Northern England
• Charles needed money to fight the Scots
• Charles reluctantly calls Parliament backk 1640-1648
• They try to undermine him
• Pass laws limiting the king's power
• Put Archbishop to death

Notes 11/18/10

• Puritans
•  Rebelled against anything Roman in the Church
• People who didn't believe the same thing had their ears cut off
• Charles I was narried to a Catholic, which his Puritan followers didn't like
• Many people took the views of Puritanism and wanted the king to stop flaunting th eword of God
• Scotland was converted to Calvinism, but England wasn't
• Divine Right of Kings was introduced by Charles I in 1625
• put him at odds with Parliament 
• Feb 28, 1638- a national covenant was signed and brought ti a place where many Scottish common folks signed
• Charles thought all of these people were rebels and needed to be stopped
• Charles wanted to fight but didn't have the money or manpower
• A truce was made
• Charles thought that Parliament would help him, but they were still angry at him
• Parliament lasted only three weeks before it was suspended again 
• The only other option that Charles had was Thomas Wentworth. 
• Wentworth was an Irishman. 
• This did not help Charles at all, and only made his circumstances worse. 

DBQ Format Quiz

1. What is the range of scores for a DBQ? 0-9
2. What is the highest score that a DBQ lacking a thesis can get? 5
3. If you have 12 documents, what is the minimum number of documents you must cite in your DBQ? 8
4. Explain what 'bias' is. The preference to one opinion over another
5. Explain what 'groupings' mean. No idea 
6. What a citation for Document 5 would look like? (Document 5)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_Diaz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_gama
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_cortez
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizarro

Notes 11/12/10

• Hapsburg- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapsburg
• Wanted to stop the Protestants gains in the Holy Roman Empire
• France wanted Germany to do well, so they didn't care if Protestants or Catholics were in power
• France supported the Protestants because they were ahead, even though they were Catholic
• Protestant Union and the Catholic League started fighting the 30 Year's War
• 1618-1625 -- Bohemian Phase began as a civil war in Bohemia
• Catholics lead by King Ferdinand, Protestants by Fredrick 
• Catholics win
• 1625- 1629 -- King Christian of Denmark (Lutheran) intervened and supported Protestants vs Albert Wallenstein (Catholic)
• Wallenstein wins- destroys Protestant forces
• Ferdinand decree restores any land lost by the Catholics 
• 1630-1635 -- Swedish Phase
• Protestants, Dutch allies, and French allies turn to King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus)
• Beats the Catholics and doesn't allow them to unify
• 1635- 1648 -- French Phase
• Gustavus dies
• France sees that the Protestants need reinforcements (Not all Swedes are allies now)
• Dutch, French, and some Swedes are fighting against Catholic Germany
• Diplomats met in 1648 in Westphalia 
• Each independent German principality was given the right to make its own treaties and diplomacy rules
• Calvinism was accepted
• Independence of the Dutch Republic and the neutrality of Switzerland were formally recognized (still in place, written into Constitution of Switzerland)
• No one actually won the Thirty Year's War
• The French annexed Alsace http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace
• Germany was devastated 
• Most of th fighting to place
• As many as 1/3 of the German people died
• The Treaty of Westphalia did nothing to unify Germany
• It remained many separate principalities
• Never became a nation
• France came in at the end and took advantage of the Germans being weak

Notes 11/5/10

• Christine de Pizan-
• 1365-1434
• Writer in the Renaissance
• Wrote a history of famous women
• Often referred to as the first feminist

• Isabella d'Este-
• Most famous woman of the Renaissance
• Born into a ruling family
• Married into a ruling family
• Known as an art patron
• Perfect example of Castiglione's ideal courtly lady

• Erasmus- 
• Humanist
• Worked on editing editions of the New Testament
• Best known text is a satire (political comedy) called The Praise of Folly
• Made fun of Pope Julius II
• Lead the papal army to war 
• Commissioned Michelangelo for the Sistine Chapel
• Continued to write in Latin

• Thomas More- 
• Leading humanist in England
• Statesman and Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII
• Coined the word utopia
• the perfect society
• Imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed
• Became a Saint

• Montaigne
• The major writer/thinker in France during the Renaissance
• Statesman and author 
• Invented the personal essay

• Johannes Gutenberg
• Created the printing press in 1456
• First published the Gutenberg Bible
• By 1500 there were 8-20 million books printed
• Allowed for the transmission of writing to move all around Europe
• Had a major effect on the success of the Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther
• Very devout Catholic monk
• Saw a problem with the heirarchy of the Catholic Church
• October 31, 1517- 95 Theses
• Martin Luther's 4 Key Beliefs
• Salvation is achieved by faith alone
• The Bible is the only valid authority for Christian life
• The Church consists of a priesthood of all believers; no Pope, all people would be equal
• All vocations have equal merit

• John Calvin
• Believed that God was good, people were wicked, and very few people would be saved
•